History of Sugpon
Sugpon, the southernmost town in Ilocos Sur, carries a unique and vibrant historical and cultural heritage. Its name is rooted in a story passed down through generations, highlighting the peaceful resolution of a territorial dispute between the Kankanaey and Bago tribes. The phrase “mansugpon tako,” meaning “to divide and share,” embodies the values of unity, cooperation, and prosperity that the town stands for today. In its early years, Sugpon was a wilderness teeming with wildlife, such as pigs, deer, monkeys, and birds, alongside an abundance of fruits and root crops. These natural resources sustained the local tribes, including the Kankanaey and Bago, for many years. However, as resources diminished, tribes ventured deeper into the wilds for survival. The town’s historic origins and the simplicity of its early civilization are still remembered and celebrated by its people. During World War II, much of Sugpon’s historical records were destroyed by fire, leaving only oral traditions and ruins as remnants of its past. Despite this, the town’s history is pieced together through the recollections of elders and local administrators, highlighting its resilience and rich cultural roots. Sugpon was originally part of the Old Mountain Province and the Commandancia Politico Militar de Amburayan, which served as an administrative district. It transitioned to Ilocos Sur in 1920 through Act No. 2877, which reorganized northwestern Luzon. Over the years, the town evolved from a 6th-class municipality in 1978 to a 5th-class municipality in 1992.
Geographically, Sugpon spans 18,208 hectares of rugged terrain, lush hills, and numerous creeks and streams that feed into the legendary Amburayan River. It is bordered by Alilem in the north, Bakun and Kibungan in the east and south, and Santol and Sudipen in the west. This natural landscape not only enhances its beauty but also sustains its agricultural community. The town is composed of six barangays—Balbalayang, Banga, Caoayan, Danac, Licungan, and Pangotan—and various sitios. Disputes over territorial boundaries with neighboring towns like Bakun and Kibungan have persisted since the late 1940s. Sugpon’s population is a harmonious blend of ethnic groups, including Ilocano-Christians, Kankanaey, Igorots, Tingguians, and the Bago tribe, which emerged from intermarriages and the Christianization of indigenous groups. While Iloko is the dominant language, a unique Ilocano-Kankanaey mix is spoken in most barangays. This cultural fusion is reflected in the town’s dances, such as the Sayaw, Sadong, Iddumdum, and Pugapog, and festivities like the Kañao, Bagat, and the annual town fiesta. Artifacts such as Chinese jars, ceramics, and traditional musical instruments like gongs and solibao remain cherished heirlooms. Agriculture forms the backbone of Sugpon’s economy, with residents cultivating rice, corn, tobacco, legumes, and root crops. Livestock farming and the production of mangoes and bananas have also become significant sources of livelihood. Despite its small-town status, Sugpon has demonstrated its adaptability and commitment to growth while preserving its rich history and cultural identity. Sugpon’s story is not just about a place on the map but a testament to its people’s resilience, harmony, and pride in their heritage. It serves as a beacon of peace and prosperity, rooted in history and strengthened by the unity of its diverse community.
